Outline Chapter 12

Chapter 12
Social and Personality Development in Adolescence

Theories of Social and Personality Development

I Psychoanalytic perspectives
A. Freud
1. genital stage
B. Erikson
1. identity
2. identity versus role confusion
3. identity crisis
II Marcia’s theory of identity achievement
A. identity statuses
B. 2 key parts
1. crisis
2. commitment
C. Based on the two elements above, 4 identity statuses are possible
1. identity achievement
2. moratorium
3. foreclosure
4. identity diffusion

Self-Concept and Personality

I Self-understanding
II Sex-role identity
III Self-esteem
IV Ethnic identity
V Locus of control and other traits

Social Relationships

I Relationships with parents
A. conflicts with parents
B. attachment
C. parenting styles
D. family structure
II Relationships with peers
A. friendships
B. peer groups
C. changes in peer group structure
D. romantic relationships
III homosexuality


Moral Development

I Kohlberg’s theory of moral reasoning
A. age and moral reasoning
B. preconventional reasoning
1. preconventional morality
C. conventional reasoning
1. conventional morality
D. postconventional reasoning
1. postconventional morality
II Causes and consequences of moral development
A. role-taking
III Criticisms of Kohlberg’s theory